Publications
Publications by Frietson Galis are listed below. Article titles link to PDF files if available.
Jump to: 1979–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2009, or 2010 – Present.
1979–1989
- Galis, F. & H. Smit, 1979. Hypoxia tolerance of two closely related Haplochromis species (Pisces: Cichlidae): Haplochromis elegans Trewavas, 1933 and H. angustifrons Boulenger, 1914. Comp. Bioch. Physiol. 64A, 137-139.
- Galis, F. & C.D.N. Barel, 1980. Comparative functional morphology of the gills of African lacustrine Cichlidae (Pisces, Teleostei). Neth. J. Zool. 30, 392-430.
- Galis, F. & J.J.M. van Alphen, 1981. Patch time allocation and search intensity of Asobara tabida Nees (Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of Drosophila. Neth. J. Zool. 31, 595-611.
- Roitberg, B., J.C. van Lenteren, J.J. M. van Alphen, F. Galis & R.J. Prokopy, 1982. Foraging behaviour of Rhagoletis pomonella, a parasite of hawthorn (Crataegus viridus) in nature. J. Anim. ecol. 51, 307-325.
- J.J.M van Alphen & F. Galis, 1983. Patch time allocation and parasitization efficiency of Asobara tabida Nees (Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of Drosophila. J. Anim. Ecol. 52, 937-925.
- Galis, F. & P.W. de Jong, 1986. Changes in foraging behaviour during the ontogeny of a zooplanktivorous cichlid from Lake Victoria. Ann. Roy. Afr. Centr. Sc. Zool. 251, 53-56.
- Galis, F. & P.W. de Jong, 1988. Optimal foraging and ontogeny; food selection by Haplochromis piceatus. Oecologia (Berlin) 75, 175-184.
- Peynenburg, L.M. & F. Galis, 1988. Aspects of prey preference in Haplochromis piceatus. Ann. Roy. Afr. Centr. Sc. Zool. 257, 85-88.

1990–1999
- Galis, F. 1990. Ecological and morphological aspects of changes in food uptake through the ontogeny of Haplochromis piceatus. In: Behavioural mechanisms of food seelection. (Hughes, R.N., ed.). NATO ASI Series, Vol. G. 20. BerlIn: Springer-Verlag.
- Galis, F. 1992. A model for biting in the pharyngeal jaws of a cichlid fish: Haplochromis piceatus. J. Theor. Biol. 155, 343-368.
- Galis, F. 1993. Interactions between the pharyngeal jaw apparatus, feeding behaviour and ontogeny in the cichlid fish, Haplochromis piceatus. A study of morphological constraints in evolutionary ecology. J. Exp. Zool. 267: 137-154.
- Galis, F. 1993. Morphological constraints on behaviour through ontogeny. The importance of developmental constraints. Mar.Behav.Physiol. 23: 119-135.
- Galis, F. 1993. Morphological constraints on behaviour through ontogeny. In: Behavioural Ecology of Fishes (Huntingford, F. & Torricelli, P., eds) Chur, Switzerland: Academic Publishers.
- Galis, F., A. Terlouw & J.W.M. Osse 1994. The relation between morphology and behaviour during ontogenetic and evolutionary changes. J. Fish Biol. 45 (supplement A), 13-26.
- Galis, F. 1996. The application of functional morphology to evolutionary studies. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (3): 124-129.
- Galis, F. 1996. The evolution of insects and vertebrates: homeoboxgenes and homology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (10), 402-403.
- Galis, F. & E.G. Drucker, 1996. Pharyngeal biting mechanicsin centrarchid- and cichlid fishes: Insights into a key evolutionary innovation. J. evol. Biol. 9: 641-670.
- Galis, F. & P. Snelderwaard, 1997. A novel biting mechanismin damselfishes (Pomacentridae): the pushing up of the lower pharyngeal jaw by the pectoral girdle. Neth. J. Zool. 47, 405-410.
- Galis, F. & J.A.J. Metz, 1998. Why are there so many cichlid species? Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 1-2.
- Galis, F. 1999. Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes and Cancer. J. exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 285: 19-26.
- Galis, F. 1999. On the homology of structures and Hox genes: the vertebral column. Novartis Foundation Symposium 222:80-94.
- Seehausen, O., Galis, F. & N. Bouton, 1999. Cichliden in Oost-afrika. Evolutie betrapt. Natuur en Techniek 67: 6-15.
2000–2009
- Chapman, L. J., Galis, F. & J. Shinn. 2000. Phenotypic plasticity and the possible role of genetic assimilation: Hypoxia-induced trade-offs in the morphological traits of an African cichlid.Ecol. Let. 3: 387-393.
- Galis, F. and J.J.M. van Alphen, 2000. How many crossbills are there? On assortative mating and vocalisations. Trends Ecol. Evol.15: 357.
- Galis, F., 2000. Key innovations and radiations. In: The character concept in Evolutionary Biology. Ed. G.P. Wagner. Academic Press. London.
- Galis, F. 2001. Digit identity and digit number: indirect support for the descent of birds from theropod dinosaurs. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16:16.
- Galis, F. 2001. Evolutionary history of vertebrate appendicular muscle. BioEssays 23, 1-5.
- Galis, F. 2001. Digit homology of birds and dinosaurs: accommodating the cladogram. Trends Ecol. Evol. 16: 286.
- Galis, F. and J.A.J. Metz (2001). Testing the vulnerability of the phylotypic stage: on modularity and evolutionary conservation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 291, 195-204.
- Galis, F. and R.A. Jenner (2001). The evolution of individuality and conflict mediation. Trends Ecol. Evol.16, 541.
- Galis, F., van Alphen J.J.M, and J.A.J. Metz (2001). Why five fingers? Evolutionary constraints on digit numbers. Trends Ecol. Evol.16, 637-646.
- Galis, F. and T.J.M. van Dooren (2002). The rise of the aristotelean worms. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 11.
- Galis, F., J.J.M. van Alphen and J.A.J. Metz. (2002) Pseudo-homeosis in avian feet. Trends Ecol. Evol.17, 256.
- Galis, F., J.J.M. van Alphen and J.A.J. Metz. (2002) Digit reduction: via repatterning or developmental arrest? Evol. Devel.4, 249-251.
- Galis, F., B. Sinervo and J.A.J. Metz (2002) The digital arch model reconsidered. Trends Ecol. Evol.17, 405.
- Galis, F. , T.J.M. van Dooren and J.A.J. Metz (2002). Conservation of the segmented germband stage: robustness or pleiotropy? Trends Genet. 18 (10), 504-509. (erratum)
- Galis, F., T.J.M. van Dooren (2002). Is it dangerous to grow fast and become large? Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, 547.
- Galis, F. and B. Sinervo (2002). Divergence and convergence in early embryonic stages of metazoans. Contr. Zool. 71 (1), 101-113.
- Galis, F. and J.A.J. Metz (2002). Waarom zoogdieren zeven nekwervels hebben. Natuur en Techniek 70, 45.
- Galis, F., M. Kundrát, B. Sinervo (2003). An old controversy solved: Bird embryos have five fingers. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18 (1), 7-9.
- Galis, F., G.P. Wagner, and E. Jockusch (2003). Why is limb regeneration possible in amphibians but not in reptiles, birds and mammals? Evol. and Devel. 5, 208-220.
- Galis, F. and B. Sinervo (2003). Conserved early embryonic stages. In: Keywords and Concepts in Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Brian K. Hall and Wendy M. Olson (eds.). Harvard University Press, Cambridge M.A.
- Galis, F. Metz, J.A.J. 2003. Anti-cancer selection as a source of developmental and evolutionary constraints. BioEssays 25, 1035-1039.
- Galis, F. (2003). Origination of Organismal Form. Beyond the Gene in Developmental and Evolutionary Biology. Book review. Acta Biotheor. 51, 237-238.
- Van Alphen, J.J.M., Seehausen, O. and F. Galis, 2004. Speciation and species richness in African Haplochromine cichlids. In: Speciation. Eds. U. Dieckman, M. Doebeli, J.A.J. Metz and D. Tautz, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
- Galis, F. Kundrát, M. Metz, J.A.J. (2005) Hox genes, digit identities and the theropod/bird transition. J. exp. Zool. B (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304, 198-205.
- Steigenga, M., Ruinard, S., de Koning, J., Helmerhorst, F. M., A.M.I. Tijssen, F. Galis, (2006). Evolutionary conserved structures as indicators of medical risks. Increased incidence of cervical ribs after ovarian hyper stimulation in mice. J. Anim. Biol. 56, 63-68.
- Galis F., T.J.M. van Dooren, Feuth, H., Ruinard, S., Witkam, A., Steigenga, M.J., Metz, J.A.J., Wijnaendts, L.C.D. (2006). Extreme selection against homeotic transformations of cervical vertebrae in humans.Evolution 60 (12):2643-2654.
- Galis, F., van der Sluijs, I., van Dooren, T.J.M., Metz, J.A.J., Nussbaumer, M. (2007). Do large dogs die young? J. exp. Zool. B. 308:119-126.
- Galis, F., J. A. J. Metz (2007). Evolutionary novelties: the making and breaking of pleiotropic constraints. Int. Comp. Biol. 47:409-419. (doi: 10.1093/icb/icm0)
- Chapman, L. J. Albert, F. Galis 2008. Developmental Plasticity, Genetic Differentiation, and Hypoxia-induced Trade-offs in an African Cichlid Fish. The Open Evolution Journal 2, 75-88.
- Van Dongen, S., L. C. D. Wijnaendts Ten Broek, C. M. A. and F. Galis, 2009. No association between fluctuating asymmetry in highly stabilized traits and second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) in human fetuses. Early Human Development. 85:393-398.
- Ploeger, A., van der Maas, H.L.J., Raijmakers, M.E.J., Galis, F. (2009). Why did the savant syndrome not spread in the population? A psychiatric example of a developmental constraint. Psychiat. Res. 166(1):85-90.
- Van Dongen, S., Ten Broek, C. M. A., L. C. D. Wijnaendts and F. Galis 2009. Fluctuating asymmetry heterogeneously reflects severe developmental disorders in human fetuses. Evolution 63:1832-44.
2010 – Present
- Galis, F., Ten Broek, C.M.A., Van Dongen, S., Wijnaendts, L.C.D., 2010. Sexual dimorphism in the prenatal digit ratio (2D:4D) in humans. Archives of Sexual Behaviour. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 39:57-62 (doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9485-7).
- Ploeger, A., Raijmakers, M.E.J., van der Maas, H.L.J., Galis, F. 2010. The Association Between Autism and Errors in Early Embryogenesis: What Is the Causal Mechanism? Biol. Psychiatry 67: 602-607. (doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.010)
- Van Dongen, S., Ten Broek, C. M. A , L. C. D. Wijnaendts and F. Galis, 2010. Human fetuses and limb asymmetry: No evidence for directional asymmetry and support for fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental instability. Anim. Biol. 60:169-182. (doi: 10.1163/157075610X491716)
- Galis, F., Arntzen J.W., Lande R., 2010. Dollo’s law and the irreversibility of digit loss in Bachia. Evolution 64, 2466-2476 (doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01042.x)
- Ploeger, A., Galis, F. 2010. Evolutionary approaches to autism: an overview and integration. McGill Journal of Medicine, in press.
- Ploeger, A., Galis, F. 2011. Evo Devo & Cognitive Science. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews 2 (4): 429-444 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.137
- Bots J., Wijnaendts L.C.D., Delen S., Van Dongen S., Heikinheimo K., Galis F. 2011. Analysis of cervical ribs in a series of human fetuses. J. Anat. in press (doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01400.x)
- Varela-Lasheras, I., Bakker A.J., van der Mije S.D., Metz J.A.J., Van Alphen J., Galis F. 2011. Breaking evolutionary and pleiotropic constraints in mammals. On sloths, manatees and homeotic mutations. EvoDevo 2011, 2:11 (doi:10.1186/2041-9139-2-11).



Cervical ribs (arrows) occur in at least 50% of deceased human fetuses, whereas they are rare in adults (0.2%). This indicates strong selection against this change of the number of cervical vertebrae .